词性
一、冠词¶
1. 不定冠词¶
1.发音¶
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a 用于辅音音素前 a rabbit，a university
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an 用于元音音素前 an apple, an hour
2.用法¶
2.1 泛指用法¶
-
泛指某一个人或物 I saw a rabbit
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泛指某一类 A rabbit is smarter than a wolf
2.2 表示数字‘1’¶
I gave you a hundred carrots.
2.3 表示’每‘¶
I eat 10 carrots a day.
2.4 主谓一致¶
a teacher and video creator.
a teacher and a video creator.
2.5 固定表达¶
have a good time.
as a result
in a hurry
all of a sudden
2.定冠词¶
1. 发音¶
- the /ðə/ 用于辅音音素前
- the /ði/ 用于元音音素前
2. 用法¶
2.1 特指¶
- 表示某个或某些特定的人或物
- 再次提到的人或物
- 用在序数词和形容词的最高级前 the first rabbit.
- 独一无二的名词前 the sun, the moon, the earth
2.2 泛指¶
I like play the piano.
2.3 在形容词前¶
- 代指一类人
2.4 固定表达¶
all the time
3.零冠词¶
1. 复数泛指¶
Rabbits are smart.
Water is important.
2. 泛指‘概念’¶
Summer is hot. Winter is cold.
I want to play football.
in spring
3. 专有名词¶
4. 固定表达¶
from time to time
face to face
二、介词¶
1. 原理¶
介词（附加信息：时间，空间，方式，逻辑） + 名词/代词...
介词：前置词
-
本义：根源意义，表达明确的空间含义 about : 在...的外面
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引申义：衍生含义，表达非空间含义 about: 关于（外围，有涉及，非核心），大约（从外大范围大致数数），针对（从外向内地解决），某人某事有某种特征，到处（在外面来来回回），...
2. 构成形式¶
1. 简单介词¶
in, on, with
2. 短语介词¶
by way of, at the end, along with, because of, pervious to
不能表完整意义
3. 合成介词¶
into, onto, within
4. 分词介词¶
including, regarding, considering, given
3. 常见用法¶
1. 表空间¶
in: 在...里，在空间的内部
- in the house, in the park, in the country
- There are some birds in the tree(外部事物在树立).
at: 在某处，具体的点
- at the bus station
on: 在...上，物体表面上，物体与物体接触
- on the table, on the floor
- There are some apples on the tree(长在树上).
over: 在...（正）上方，覆盖，越过上空
- the bridge over the river
- The mother put a blanket over the child.
- The plane flew over the mountain.
above: 在...上方(高于平面)
- the sky above us
under: 在...（正）下方 -- over
- There is a ball under the desk.
below: 在...下方 -- above
- The rabbit dived below the surface of the water.
near: 在...附近
- There is school near here.
by: 在...旁边
beside: 在...旁边
next to: 在...旁边, 紧挨着
- The rabbit sat by/beside/next to the wolf.
accross: （从表面）穿过
- go accross the street
through: （从内部）穿过
- go through the tunnel
- look through the window
past: 经过，路过
int front of: 在...前方
behind: 在...之后
before: 在...之前
- She played the violin before the crowd.
between: 在...之间
among. 在...（多数）之间
round/around：围绕
along: 沿着，顺着
to: 向，朝
toward/towards: 朝着..的方向
onto: 到...上
into: 到...里
out of: 从...出来
opposite: 在...对面
against: 与...相反；倚；靠
- We were rowing against the current.
- The rabbit was leaning against the tree.
up: 沿...向上
down: 沿...向下
off: 离...有一定距离
2. 表时间¶
in: in 2030, in wanter
on: on Monday
at: at 6 o'clock, at noon, at dawn,
during: during the past 2 days
for: I've been learing English for 2 years.
since: since last week
before: before Monday
after: after two years
from...to...
by: by tomorrow 明天之前
until
3. 表方式¶
in: in English
through: We succeed through hard work.
by: 通过；在...旁边
- We learn English by watching videos.
with: 用...;和...一起
- We write with pens.
on: 在...上面
4. 表原因¶
for
with: ...是和...分不开的原因
- The rabbit is shaking with cold.
becasue of + 名词
becasue + 从句
due to
owing to
on account of
5. 表关于¶
about
of: 此外的；附加的
on
6. 表数值¶
at
- at a fast rate, at a high price
by: +度量标准
- They get paid by the hour.
for: 以...的价钱
I bought there books for 100 Yuan.
7. 表状态¶
in: 在...状态中
on: 受到之下...的支持 on drugs 吃药 on a diet 在节食
at: 在某个状态 at work
under: 在（框架，前提）下 under construction 在施工中
8. 表排除¶
besides: 除了...还
except
except for
4. 介词短语¶
介词（前置词） + 宾语（介词宾语）
Between 10 and 11 is a good time for me.
The meeting is at 2 o'clock.
This is the key to the house.
I found the carrot in good condition.
The rabbit ate a carrot at noon.
5. 固定搭配¶
for example
at ease
in turn
need for
long for 渴望
ready for
短语动词：
- check out 退房
- make out 分辨
- put out 熄灭
- pass out 晕倒
- work out 健身
- look out 小心
- knock out 打晕
三、名词¶
1. 普通名词¶
1. 单数&复数¶
2. 可数&不可数¶
2. 专有名词¶
Earth、Asia、China、人名
1. 可数&不可数¶
3. 所有格¶
1. 's¶
the rabbit's carrot.
today's news
2. of¶
the news of taday
3. 双重所有格¶
I am a friend of Michael's.